V
Banking Terms - VValue-Added Network (VAN) - (an electronic data interchange network developed and maintained by a third party which provides comprehensive services to a business - inventory tracking system which connects to an outside vendor who handles ordering and delivery of new parts or items)
Value-Added Tax (VAT) - (indirect percentage tax levied on products or services at various stages of production and distribution)
value-at-risk (VaR) - (banking measurement model used to calculate market risk for the purpose of determining capital reserve requirements)
value at risk (VAR) - (securities market method which uses the statistical analysis of historical market trends and volatility to estimate the likelihood that a given portfolio's losses will exceed a certain amount)
value-for-money auditing (VFM) - (alternative term for operational auditing - the auditing of an organization's operational and managerial activities as opposed to its accounting and financial transactions)
value index (VI) - (net income produced by one dollar of research expense on new products)
variable cost (VC) - (a cost that changes in total amount proportionately with production-level changes)
variable interest entity (VIE) - (entity whose equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk to enable the entity to finance its own operations - a variable interest changes as the entity's net assets change)
variable overhead absorption rate (VOAR) - (in cost accounting, variable overhead divided by the number of units)
Variable Rate Mortgage (VRM) - (mortgage agreement between a financial institution and a real estate buyer stipulating predetermined adjustments of the interest rate at specified intervals)
Venture Enhancement & Loan Development Administration for Smaller Undercapitalized Enterprises (VELDA SUE) - (federal agency that buys small busness loans by banks, pools them, then issues securities that are bought as investments by large institutions)
vested benefit obligation (VBO) - (the actuarial present value of vested pension benefits employees have a right to receive regardless of future employment or future salary levels)
Veterans Affairs, Department of (VA) - (federal agency handling various programs for veterans and their families - formerly the Veterans Administration)
Veterans Administration (VA) - (independent agency under the president operating various programs for veterans - became the Department of Veterans Affairs)
virtual private network (VPN) - (a secure, private connection through an untrusted network - a VPN allows employees to remotely access an organization's central server using the Internet)
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) - (protocol which allows voice/phone calls to be transmitted over an Internet data network)
voluntary health and welfare organization (VHWO) - (an organization, supported by public contributions, that offers free or low-cost services, generally health-related, to the public)