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Auditing Terms - RRacketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO) -
radio frequency (RF) - (number of cycles of a radio wave per second)
radio frequency identification (RFID) - (technology using radio waves with electronic tags for identification)
random-access memory (RAM) - (temporary memory storage on an integrated circuit chip which can be accessed randomly)
rapid application development (RAD) - (methodology that enables enterprises to develop strategically important systems faster, while reducing development costs and maintaining quality by using prototyping and developer feedback)
rate of return (ROR) (RR) - (rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the present value of the cash outflows)
Read-Only Memory (ROM) - (type of computer memory, stored on a chip, containing instructions or data which cannot be edited or altered)
real economic earnings (REE) - (earnings based on the fundamental underlying earning power of a company
Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) - (publicly-traded company that manages a portfolio of real estate to earn profits for shareholders)
Real Estate Limited Partnership (RELP) - (limited partnership that invests in real estate)
Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit (REMIC) - (pass-through vehicle allowing entities to issue multiclass mortgage-backed securities)
real gross disposable income (RGDI) - (income after taxes)
real gross national disposable income (RGNDI) - (real gross national income plus real secondary income receivable and minus real secondary income payable to the rest of the world)
real gross national income (RGNI) - (gross national income after deducting real primary income payable to the rest of the world and adding real primary income receivable)
real net national disposable income (RNNDI) - (real gross national disposable income minus consumption of fixed capital)
reasonable benefit limit (RBL) - (maximum amount of retirement and termination of employment benefits that individuals can receive over their lifetime at reduced tax rates (Australia))
reclassification journal entry (RJE) - (an entry intended for the auditor's working papers relating to the proper financial statement presentation of a correct balance)
Recognized Qualifying Body (RQB) - (statutorily recognized organization for the licensing of external auditors in the United Kingdom)
recovery point objective (RPO) - (acceptable amount of data loss measured in time)
recovery time objective (RTO) - (the amount of time allowed for the recovery of a business function or resource after a disaster occurs)
Reduction-Option Loan (ROL) - (hybrid between a fixed-rate and adjustable mortgage which gives the borrower a one-time option to match the current mortgage rate)
Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks (RAID) - (a computer data storage system which uses multiple hard disks configured in an array to store data)
Refunding Escrow Deposits (REDS) - (financial instruments, such as treasury bonds, held in an escrow account, to be used to provide money to redeem securities at a future date)
Registered Competitive Market Maker (RCMM) - (registered securities dealer who stands ready to buy or sell blocks/lots of securities)
registered education savings plan (RESP) - (Canadian program which allows taxpayers to put asided some income for their children's education)
Registered Equity Market Maker (REMM) - (American Stock Exchange member firm registered as a trader for its own account and willing to buy to create a market)
Registered Investment Adviser (RIA) - (investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission)
Registered Options Principal (ROP) - (options dealer willing/able to buy or sell options)
registered pension plan (RPP) - (Canadian retirement plan that can be regulated by provincial and federal pension legislation
registered retirement income fund (RRIF) - (Canadian employee pension fund established with a carrier and registered with the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency)
Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) - (tax-deductible and tax-sheltered retirement plan available for individuals in Canada)
registration authority (RA) - (an entity or server that performs the certification registration duties related to the issuance of digital certificates)
Regulation Full Disclosure (REG FD) - (SEC rule requiring disclosure of material information simultaneously to everyone rather than selective disclosure to a few individuals)
regulatory accounting principles (RAP) - (requirements or methods of accounting and reporting specified by regulatory agencies)
regulatory accounting procedures (RAP) - (procedures/methods of accounting and reporting required by regulatory agencies)
relational database management system (RDBMS) - (system for managing a relational database (data organized in tables) - Oracle, IBM, SQL Server)
relational online analytical processing (ROLAP) - (access tools which use vaiations of SQL to view the database as a traditional relational database)
Relative Purchasing Power Parity (RPPP) - (comparative measure of the amount of goods and services that a dollar can buy, compared to prior periods)
Relative Strength Index (RSI) - (indicator of the comparative strength/market demand for a single security over time)
relevant future cost (R-F cost) - (future cost that relates to present decisions)
relevant range (RR) - (generally - any range of data falling within an area of interest) (normal operating range for the business, excluding extremely high and low levels of production which are not apt to be encountered)
Remote Access Service (RAS) - (any combination of hardware and software that enable remote users access to tools or information that typically reside on a network of IT devices)
remote access Trojan (RAT) - (malicious program that runs on a system and allows an intruder to access and use a system remotely)
remote administration/access tool (RAT) - (software which can be used to access/control a system remotely)
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) - (network protocol that provides client/server authentication and authorization, and audits remote users)
remote method invocation (RMI) - (procedure in object-oriented programming languages used to call objects on a remote server)
remote procedure call (RPC) - (communication mechanism that allows a program to call and execute a procedure that resides on a different computer)
remote terminal unit (RTU) - (field device or unit in an industrial control system that includes sensors and/or actuators)
rent-to-own (RTO) - (arrangement where property is rented for a period and ownership is transferred to the renter at the end of the contract)
replacement ratio analyis (RRA) - (pension planning - comparison of one organization's retirement program to programs of its competitors to show the percentage of preretirement income replaced by the expected retirement benefits at various ages)
reportable fringe benefit (RFB) - (fringe benefit exceeding a base amount (Australia))
Repurchase Agreement (Repo) (RP) - (agreement between a seller and a buyer, usually of US government securities, whereby the seller agrees to repurchase the securities at a given price and time - used by the Fed to adjust the money supply)
request for information (RFI) - (organizational solicitation of vendors for advice on addressing system problems)
request for procurement (RFP) - (a written request used in large negotiated acquisitions to communicate government requirements to prospective contractors)
request for proposal (RFP) - (a document distributed to software vendors, requesting them to submit a proposal to develop or provide a software product)
Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) - (minimum amount that must be withdrawn annually from a retirement plan)
Research and Data Analysis Repository System (RADAR) - (NASDAQ)
Research and Development (R&D) - (expenditures to discover/test new ideas and create new products)
reserve lag accounting (RLA) - (the accounting method under which a bank's reserve for the currennt week is determined by this week's liabilities, and the reserve for payment is still that of last week)
Reserve Recognition Accounting (RRA) - (type of reporting in the oil and gas industry relating to the valuation of natural resource reserves)
Reset (RST) - (data packet transmission header flag or control instruction to terminate a connection and reset)
residual income (RI) - (operating income that a company investment center/division is able to earn above some minimal return on its separate assets)
Resolution Funding Corporation (REFCORP) - (US government agency created in 1989 to finance the Resolution Trust Corporation)
Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) - (agency created by the 1989 bailout to merge or close savings and loan institutions)
restricted account (RA) - (restrictions on activity placed on a brokerage account once the balance exceeds the highest lending limit allowed)
Retail Credit Institute of America (RCIA) -
retained earnings (RE) - (stockholder's equity (ownership) in a corporation resulting from earnings in excess of losses and dividends declared)
retirement compensation arrangement (RCA) - (unregistered retirement plan established by a company to provide additional benefits to an employee (Canada) )
retirement income fund (RIF) - (Canadian pension fund established with a carrier (underwriter) and registered with the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency)
Retirement Protection Act of 1994 (RPA) - (legislation designed to protect the pension benefits of American workers and retirees by increasing pension funding and strengthening the pension insurance program)
retirement savings account (RSA) - (Australian retirement plan)
retirement savings plan (RSP) - (Canadian contract/arrangement under which an individual or their spouse pays periodic amounts for retirement income)
return on assets (ROA) - (net income divided by average total assets)
return on assets managed (ROAM) - (sales minus cost of goods sold as a percentage of assets managed minus liabilities)
return on capital (ROC) - (amount, expressed as a percentage, earned on a company's capital) (income after taxes divided by capital)
return on capital employed (ROCE) - (earnings before interest and tax divided by capital employed)
return on equity (ROE) - (amount, expressed as a percentage, earned on a company's common stock investment for a given period)
return on investment/return on invested capital (ROI) - (amount, expressed as a percentage, earned on a commpany's total capital - net income divided by average total assets or earnings divided by total capital)
return on investment capital (ROIC) - (net income minus dividends, divided by all long-term debt plus common and preferred stock)
return on net assets (RONA) - (income divided by the sum of fixed assets and net working capital)
return on net capital employed (RONCE) - (pretax accounting income divided by capital committed to a specific operation)
return on net worth (RONW) - (net income divided by stockholders' equity)
return on operating assets minus the cost of capital (ROACOC) - (return in excess of a company's cost of capital)
return on revenue (ROR) - (return on sales - income before interest and tax divided by revenue)
return on risk adjusted capital (RORAC) - (return divided by the capital released by offsets among risk factors)
return on sales (ROS) - (net pretax profits as a percentage of net sales)
returned material (RM) - (material returned to storage)
returned materials journal (RMJ) - (special journal used for recording returns of raw materials to a supplier)
revenue account (RA) - (account that shows the revenue of a corporation and the expenses chargeable to it)
Revenue Anticipation Note (RAN) - (short-term debt issue of a municipal entity that is to be repaid out of anticipated revenues such as sales taxes)
revenue passenger miles (RPM) - (how many seats were actually sold on an airline's flight)
Reverse Annuity Mortgage (RAM) - (mortgage instrument which allows an elderly person to live off the equity in a fully paid-for house)
Reverse Repurchase Agreement (RRP) - (arrangement where a securities dealer agrees to buy securities and an investor agrees to repurchase them at a later date)
rewritable (RW) - (storage media, such as compact discs, which allow data to be erased and rewritten over again and again)
Right of Accumulation (ROA) - (preferred stockholder right to be paid dividends before common shareholders receive dividends)
Right To Work (RTW) - (legislation allowing workers to work without joining a union)
risk adjusted return on capital (RAROC) - (return risk minus expected loss, then divided by capital)
risk adjusted return on risk adjusted capital (RARORAC) - (return risk after deduction of expected loss divided by capital-released offsets among risk factors)
risk-based auditing (RBA) - (auditing in which audit objectives and audit planning are driven by a risk assessment philosophy)
risk capital (RC) - (common stock from a new company - venture capital)
Risk of Material Misstatement (RMM) - (auditing risk that an omission or misstatement of accounting data in a financial statement is so large that it would affect the decision of a reasonable user relying on the statement)
Rivest-Shamir-Adleman algorithm (RSA) - (public key algorithm used for digital signatures, key exchage, and encryption)
robust secure network (RSN) - (network which uses advanced protocols, technologies, and algorithms to ensure a higher level of security)
role-based access control (RBAC) - (system access based on the jobs/roles a user is assigned)
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) - (standard that outlines how routers exchange routing table data, and capable of calculating the shortest distance between the source and destination)
Royalty Trust (RT) - (oil or gas company spin-off of oil reserves to a trust)
Rural Electrification Administration (REA) -
Russian Trading System (RTS) - (Russian electronic trading system)