E
EAEC - European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) (name for the organization of nations/states agreeing to the treaty terms - agency created by the Treaty of Rome, signed on March 25, 1957, coming into force in January 1958 - eventually played a diminished role when countries began developing their own programs, funding was cut, and the focus was on research)
EAFRD - European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EU fund, created in 2006, established to help modernize farming, diversify rural economies and develop rural areas, foster a high level of food quality, and help to offset the costs of EU policies in the agricultural sector)
EAGCP - Economic Advisory Group on Competition Policy (EU body providing expertise/advice in the area of markets and competition)
EAGF - European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EU fund, created in 1962, to bring stability to the agricultural sector, protecting markets and prices by buying and storing surplus produce and encouraging agricultural exports)
EAP - Environmental Action Programme (series of EU adopted measures, beginning in 1973, designed to incorporate/emphasize environnmental policy as part of a broader goal of economic and social development)
EAPN - European Anti-Poverty Network (anti-poverty organizatio dealing with economic and employment issues)
EaSI - Employment and Social Innovation scheme (program to promote social development by providing financing to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and regional and local authorities related to worker job skills and entrepreneurial initiatives)
EAW - European Arrest Warrant (a judicial decision issued by an EU Member State requiring the arrest and surrender of a requested individual by another Member State, for the purpose of connducting a criminal prosecution or complying with a jail sentence or detention order - based on the principle that a Member State must recognize the laws of another Member State)
EBA - European Banking Authority (independent EU agency established in 2011, as part of the European European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS) during the financial and debt crisis - intended to ensure effective bank regulation across the EU - now located in Paris)
EBLR - European Business Law Review
EBRD - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (an independent bank, based in London, owned and operated by its sixty-one shareholder countries, which began operations in March 1991, with the goal of providing loans, encouraging capital investment, and promoting trade - its specific focus has been on assisting the countries of Eastern Europe make the transition to free market economies)
EC - electronic commerce (the carrying out of business transactions by computers)
EC - European Commission (excutive-bureaucratic arm of the EU, headquartered in Brussels, responsible for generating new laws and policies and overseeing their implementation, managing the EU budget, representing the EU in international negotiations, and promoting the interests of the EU as a whole)
EC - European Community (Economic alliance formed in 1957, with the Treaty of Rome, between Belgium, France, Italy, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands to promote trade and cooperation among its members - at the time it was known as the European Economic Community (EEC), then later renamed the European Community after the 1993 Maastricht Treaty - forerunner of the European Union.)
EC - European Council (representative body of the EU, made up of the heads of government of the EU member states, which holds regular meetings, and is responsible for setting broad policies and goals)
EC3 - European Cybercrime Centre (agency within Europol which deals with cybercrime throughout Europe)
EC-Council - International Council of E-Commerce Consultants (private-sector organization of consultants in E-Commerce dedicated to promoting Internet security, security awareness, and the development of a pool of individuals with security capabilities - sponsor of the Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification)
ECB - European Central Bank (bank created in 1998 to oversee monetary policy in the European Community countries adopting the EURO common currency)
ECFR - European Company and Financial Law Review
ECFU - Economic Crime Fighting Unit (name for a division of an organization dealing with financial crimes)
ECGI - European Corporate Governance Institute (organization formed to undertake research and other activities designed to promote the highest standards in corporate governance)
ECHA - European Chemicals Agency (agency responsible for monitoring and compliance with rules and regulations relating to chemicals production and use - chemical manufacturers, importers, and suppliers must register chemicals in order to place products on the market)
ECHR - European Convention on Human Rights (measure adopted in 1950 by the Council of Europe seeking to protect human rights and basic freedoms, affirmed, although not formally adopted, as a goal by the EU Amsterdam Treaty in 1999)
ECIU - Economic Crime(s) Investigative Unit
ECJ - European Court of Justice/Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (general term for the judicial arm of the European Union, charged with interpreting EU laws and treaties - includes the Court of Justice, the General Court and specialized courts)
ECLR - European Competition Law Review
ECM - European Common Market (alternative name for the commercial relationship created by the Treaty of Rome in 1958, establishing the European Economic Community (EEC))
ECN - European Competition Network (network of European competition authorities, comprised of the European Commission and the national competition authorities (NCAs) responsible for public enforcement of EU competition law rules)
Ecofin - Economic and Financial Affairs Council (one of the EU Council of Ministers technical councils which deals with economics and finance matters)
ECPA - Economic Communications Privacy Act (US federal law enacted in 1986 which protects wire, oral, and electronic communications while those communications are being made, are in transit, and when they are stored on computers - applies to e-mail, telephone conversations, and data stored electronically)
ECR - European Court Reports
ECRE - European Council on Refugees and Exiles (body studying and reporting on issues relating to political asylum and the treatment of refugees and exiles from foreign countries residing in or seeking asylum in the European Union)
ECSC - European Coal and Steel Community (organization created by the Treaty of Paris, signed on April 18, 1951, between the countries of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands - the coal and steel producing countries - to lower tariff and trade barriers)
ECtHR - European Court of Human Rights (specialized EU court charged with monitoring compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR))
ECTS - European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (system, known as the Bologna Process, where students can study at any university in the EU and earn credits which will transfer to other universities in the EU)
ECU - Economic Crimes Unit (department or division within governmental prosecutorial offices dealing with financial crimes)
ECU - European Currency Unit (monetary unit of the European Community from 1979 until the introduction of the Euro in January 1999)
EDA - exclusive distribution agreement (agreement in which a producer agrees to supply only to a particular distributor within a particular territory)
EDC - European Defence Community (organization intended to promote Western European cooperation on defense, with six members signing a draft treaty in May 1952 - plans for the EDC were abandoned in August 1954)
EDIS - European Deposit Insurance Scheme (proposal to create a deposit insurance fund as part of a full EU banking union)
EDPB - European Data Protection Board (European Union (EU) body in charge of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as of May 25, 2018)
EDPD - European Data Protection Directive (Officially Directive 95/46/EC - EU directive regulating the processing of personal data of individuals within the member states of the European Union - covers the processing of personal data and the transfer or movement of such data - replaced by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018)
EDPS - European Data Protection Supervisor (individual in charge of data protection activities)
EEA - European Economic Area (area which includes all the member countries of the European Union (EU) plus the non-EU countries Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway - Agreement between the EC and states which were parties to the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) to be part of the EEA came into force in 1994)
EEA - European Environment Agency (EU agency responsible for gathering information and advising on environmental issues)
EEAG - Energy and Environmental Aid Guidelines (criteria used by the European Commission to determine which projects should receive EU financial aid, with the goal of encouraging innovation without interfering in the operation of market forces and limiting competition)
EEAS - EU External Action Service (EU diplomatic corps created by the Lisbon Treaty and formally established in 2010)
EEC - European Economic Community (Common Market) (organization of European countries established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 - name was used by members of the European Community until 1993, when the Maastricht Treaty on European Union came into force - the name was shortened to the European Community)
EELR - European Environmental Law Review
EESC - European Economic and Social Committee (advisory body, based in Brussels, set up under the Treaty of Rome, to give employers, workers, and other secitonal interests a forum in which they could meet, talk, and issue opinions)
EEW - European Evidence Warrant (measure/framework dealing with the gathering and presentation of evidence before a court in the financial crimes area - replaced by the European Investigation Order (EIO))
EFAR - European Foreign Affairs Review
EFSA - European Food Safety Authority (agency responsible for monitoring and analyzing chemicals and food additives for their impact on food safety)
EFSF - European Financial Stability Facility (company established by the Euro countries in May 2010 to provide financial assistance to member states in severe economic distress as a result of the Euro crisis)
EFSM - European Financial Stabilization Mechanism (EU measure designed to provide financial assistance to member states in severe economic distress as a result of the Euro crisis)
EFTA - European Free Trade Association (voluntary organization founded in January 1960, with the signing of the Stockholm Convention by seven countries - Austria, the UK, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland - lost relevance in August 1961, when the UK applied for EEC membership)
EGE - European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (body tasked with advising the European Commission on ethical questions relating to sciences and new technologies)
EGF - European Globalization Adjustment Fund (fund created in 2007 designed to provide support for workers in the global job market and to aid businesses affected by globalization in restructuring and rebuilding their competitiveness)
EGPL - European Group of Public Law (European network of judges, jurists, academics and practitioners, formed in 1989 with the goal of advancing and developing European Public Law)
EGS - EU Global Strategy (2016 statement setting out a framework with the goal of strengthening EU military capabilities, enhancing crisis response, and developing better defense cooperation among members)
EHRLR - European Human Rights Law Review
EIA - environmental impact assessment (analysis involving the collection of information on the environmental impact of a project and its likely effects, before the project is authorized)
EIB - European Investment Bank (autonomous institution set up in 1958, under the terms of the Treaty of Rome, to encourage development within the European Economic Community (EEC) - it primarily deals only in large loan - helped finance the Eurotunnel between the UK and France)
EICAR - European Institute for Computer Anti-Virus Research (organization founded in 1991 by anti-virus experts which initially focused on virus research, and then expanded into other IT security issues, such as risk, vulnerabilities, threats, and critical infrastructure protection)
EIO - European Investigation Order (a decision issued or validated by a judicial authority of the issuing state to have investigative measures carried out in the executing state to obtain evidence)
Eionet - European environment information and observation network (trans-European network which collects environmental data from member states on behalf of the European Environment Agency)
EIOPA - European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (agency set up in 2010, as part of the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS) to oversee retirement pension funds)
EJIL - European Journal of International Law
EJML - European Journal of Migration and Law
ELA - emergency liquidity assistance (mechanism by which central banks will make funds available to national or regional banks on a short-term basis)
ELGS - European Law and Governance School (international school located in Athens, Greece, established by the European Public Law Organization (EPLO) with the goal of educating individuals in European law and values)
ELJ - European Law Journal
ELRev - European Law Review
ELVs - emission limit values (envionmental standards setting limits on emissions from industrial operations)
EMCDDA - European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (Lisbon, Portugal-based agency created in 1993 to collect information on drugs and drug addiction)
EMFF - European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (fund created to support implementation of reforms to the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP))
EMI - European Monetary Institute (banking organization founded in 1994 with the goal of strengthening central bank cooperation and, in preparation for the creation of the Euro, coordination of monetary policy - replaced by the European Central Bank (ECB) on June 1, 1998 )
EMS - European Monetary System (system instituted in March 1979 with the goal of creating exchange rate stability across the European states, and keeping inflation under control - lasted until January 1999 when the Euro was officially launched)
EMU - Economic and Monetary Union (description of the organization of EU member states following the implementation of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993 - more of a goal or vision of solving the economic disparities between the member states by creating a single economic system with a single currency)
EMU - European Monetary Union (alternative name applied to the Economic and Monetary Union, the organization established by the European Central Bank after its creation, with the coming into force of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993)
ENI - European Neighborhood Instrument (budgetary mechanism/fund used to finance projects aimed at helping neighboring countries around the Mediterranean, such as Libya and Morocco, or the countries of Eastern Europe)
ENISA - European Network and Information Security Agency (acronym used by the current European Union Agency for Cybersecurity but based on the former name of the agency - agency which helps member states coordinate cybersecurity efforts through improved capabilities - located in Heraklion, Greece since 2005)
ENP - European Neighborhood Policy (project launched in 2004 aimed at promoting improved relations with sixteen of the EU's closest neighboring countries, with the goal of increasing democratization, prosperity, human rights, and sustainable development)
EONIA - Euro Overnight Index Average (benchmark interest rate in the Euro Zone for overnight bank loans)
EP - European Parliament (legislative body of the European Union, directly elected from the EU member states, which debates, amends, and votes on proposals for new EU laws - until 1962 was called the Parliamentary Assembly)
EPA - exclusive purchasing agreement (agreement in which one party agrees to buy all it needs of a product from a particular supplier)
EPC - European Patent Convention (convention setting rules and procedures for national laws dealing with the approval of patents)
EPC - European Policy Centre (Brussels-based non-profit think tank dealing with European Union affairs, founded in 1997)
EPC - European Political Community (idea promoted in March 1953 with a draft plan for a European federation representing the interests of the European states - idea found little support and was dropped)
EPC - European Political Cooperation (1970 agreement to set up a voluntary organization to hold regular meetings of Community foreign ministers to formulate foreign policy solutions)
EPL - European Public Law (laws created by, or coming out of, the European Union legal system)
EPLO - European Public Law Organization (international organization dedicated to the promotion and understanding of European Public Law and Governance)
EPO - European Patent Office (agency located in Munich responsible for examining applications and issuing patents)
EPP - European People's Party (center-right political party representing one of the largest political groups in the European Parliament)
EPPO - European Public Prosecutor's Office (agency created in 2017 responsible for investigating and prosecuting financial crimes)
ERDF - European Regional Development Fund (fund launched in 1973 designed to promote development of poorer regions by providing funding for the poorest parts of the EU, investing in underdeveloped areas and inner cities, financing infrastructure, job creation, and aid for small firms)
ERM - Exchange Rate Mechanism (March 1979 arrangement under the European Monetary System (EMS) by which EU member states agreed to keep the value of their currencies relatively stable against those of the other EU member states)
ERPL - European Review of Public Law
ERTA - European Road Transport Agreement ()
ESA - European Supervisory Authority (Agency) (agencies (collectively) charged with oversight - term usually applied to agencies created in 2010 involved in financial oversight: the European Banking Authority (EBA), the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) )
ESC - European Securities Committee (body of member state representatives charged with oversight of the securities markets)
ESCB - European System of Central Banks (collectively, system composed of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the central banks of the member European countries)
ESDP - European Security and Defence Policy (plan launched in 1999 with the goal of creating a 60,000-member rapid reaction force that could be deployed at sixty-days notice, and could be sustained for at least a year - renamed the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) by the Lisbon Treaty in 2009)
ESF - European Social Fund (fund created by the Rome Treaty in 1958, designed to promote employment and worker mobility, to combat long-term unemployment, and to help workers adapt to technological changes)
ESFS - European System for Financial Supervision (system set up in 2010 for supervision of the financial sector, made up of three supervisory authorities: the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), the European Banking Authority (EBA), and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) - also comprises the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB))
ESM - European Stability Mechanism (EU's emergency bailout fund created in September 2012, designed to assist states in financial difficulty because of the Euro crisis)
ESMA - European Securities and Markets Authority (Paris-based regulatory body created in 2011 to provide oversight of the financial markets - replaced the Committee of European Securities Regulators)
ESOs - European Standardization Organizations (collective name for European organizations, including the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), providing technical standards)
ESRB - European Systemic Risk Board (agency set up in 2010 as part of the European System for Financial Supervision (ESFS), which focuses on analysis of financial system risk and advice on mitigation)
EStAL - European State Aid Law Quarterly
ETC - Export Trading Company (trading organization providing support services for the export trade, such as warehousing and insurance)
ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute (private non-profit organization set up under French law in 1986 providing standards in the telecommunications field)
EU - European Union (name given to the European organization of member states following the signing of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) (Maastricht Treaty), signed in February 1992 - at the time of the Maastricht Treaty the official name was the European Community - it was retroactively changed by the Lisbon Treaty, (effective December 2009) to the European Union)
EU-15 - European Union 15 (abbreviated name for the fifteen pre-2004 member states of the European Union)
EU-25 - European Union 25 (abbreviated name for the twenty-five member states of the European Union between 2004 and 2007)
EU-27 - European Union 27 (abbreviated name for the twenty-seven member states of the European Union after Brexit)
EU-28 - European Union 28 (abbreviated name for the twenty-eight member states of the European Union until Brexit)
EU-OSHA - European Union - Occupational Safety and Health Agency (EU agency created in 1994, based in Bilbao, Spain, to research job-related safety and health issues and to provide information in support of improvements)
EuConst - European Constitutional Law Review
EU DPD - European Union Data Protection Directive (1995 EU act dealing with the protections afforded to individuals related to the processing of their personal data and the free movement of personal data within the European Union)
EUL - European United Left (left-leaning European political party)
EUP - European Union Politics
Euratom - European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC) (treaty signed by six member state signatories - France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Luxembourg - the Euratom Treaty was a separate but companion treaty to the Treaty of Rome, both signed on March 25, 1957, coming into force in January 1958 - eventually Euratom played a diminished role when countries began developing their own programs, funding was cut, and the focus was on research)
EURIBOR - Euro Interbank Offered Rate (benchmark interest rate for Euro-denominated loans and debt instruments - rates are compiled by the European Banking Federation)
Euro - (name for the monetary unit of 17 member countries of the European Union - the Euro is also the official currency of some non-EU countries - the Euro was officially adopted on January 1, 1999, and replaced the European Currency Unit (ECU))
EURO-FOUND - European Foundation for the Inprovement of Living and Working Conditions (Dublin, Ireland-based agency established in 1975 dealing with issues of employment and working conditions)
Eurojust - European Judicial Cooperation Union (body estblished in 2002 to encourage cooperation among member states in fighting serious crime)
Europol - European Police Office (agency created to encourage cooperation in criminal matters between the EU member states - role has evolved to a focus on two main areas: intelligence (collection, storage, processing, analysis, and information exchange) and investigative and operational activities)
EUSF - European Union Solidarity Fund (fund created in 2002 in response to serious floods in Austria, the Czech Republic, France, and Germany, with the goal of quickly responding to natural disasters by helping with the costs of restoring infrastructure, providing temporary shelter, funding rescue services, and protecting the EU's cultural heritage)
EWCA - England and Wales Court of Appeal (court created in 1875 as part of the UK judicial system)
EWHC - England and Wales High Court (supreme court within the UK judicial system)
EWL - European Women's Lobby (organization created in 1990, serving as an umbrella network of women's associations in the EU, with the goal of promoting women's rights and equality)
EWM - Early Warning Mechanism (procedure by which the European Commission is put on notice - receives early warning - that a proposal does not have the support of the national parliamentary bodies - contains a proposal review requirement if it is opposed by one-third of the national legislative bodies)